CC12 Educational Technology

View the syllabus Meaning and Definition of Educational Technology Source: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1MMIaKopFP6DXqvoUWN-kTZnagx0o4GoUABzRJ0EPEds/edit?usp=drivesdk book note https://docs.google.com/document/d/1_f8-Rw-HPzSqIqS4wpGpT_AguW_s75QDUCPcEZY-3rg/edit?usp=drivesdk pdf note https://docs.google.com/document/d/14Qg6gPLto69IY_9OrjYpYLexl35lrKeX2YrNbQbprRw/edit?usp=drivesdk slideshare note The term educational technology is made up of two components - Education and Technology. Read The etymological meaning and origin of education here, and technology here. Read meaning and definition of technology here. There are three views regarding the meaning of educational technology. Educational Technology 1 (ET 1) The first view which may call Educational Technology 1 (ET 1) refers to the application of physical sciences and engineering technology to provide mechanical instruments or “hardware” which can be used for instructional purposes. This is the view of James O. Finn and others (1960). Examples- Tape-recorders (including language laboratory), television, teaching machines and computer- based teaching. Educational Technology 2 (ET 2) The second view which we may call Educational Technology 2 (ET 2) refers to the application of scientific principles or "software approach" to instruction. This is the view of Skinner, Gagne and others. Educational Technology 3 (ET 3) The third and the modern view of Educational Technology 3 (ET 3) as described by Davis and Hartley (1972), incorporates both ET 1 and ET 2 through the application of a "system approach" to education and training. Educational technology is a theory about how problems in human learning are identified and solved (Johanssen, et al 1999). As a theory, educational technology has an "integrated set of principles that explain and predict observed events." Educational technology is technology of Education. It is the system of bringing Improvement in the total process of teaching-learning by analyzing its problems and identifying all available resources in an economic way for obtaining better results. Educational technology is a field of study which is concerned with the practice of using educational methods and resources for the ultimate goal of facilitating the learning process. (Lucido & Borabo, 1997). As a field, it operates within the total of education. Educational technology is a profession like teaching. It is made up of organized effort to implement the theory, intellectual technique, and practical application of educational technology (Johanssen, et al 1999). Definitions of Educational Technology “Educational technology may be defined as the application of the laws as well as recent discoveries of science and technology to the process of education”.- S.S. Kulkarni “Educational technology is the application of scientific process to man's learning conditions”.- Robert A. Cox “Educational technology is an application of scientific knowledge about learning to practical learning situation.”- J. Bloomer Scottish Council for educational technology: "educational technology is the systematic approach to designing and evaluating learning and teaching methods and methodologies and to the application and exploitation of media and the current knowledge of communication techniques in education, both formal and informal (cited in, Tucker 1979:168)". Note: Not all the technologies are educational technologies. Only technologies which are being used in the process of education are educational technologies (such as oral teaching, teacher-pupil dialogue system, writing, printing technology, blackboard, pictures, chalks, radio, television, massive online learning platform, computer assisted instruction, system approach etc.). "Simply adding technology to K-12 environments does not improve learning. What matters is how it is used to develop knowledge and skills." -Zucker and Light, 2009 Educational technology or technology of education is not synonymous of technology in education. Technology in education is a service concept which is concerned with the role or services of technologies in education. Educational technology is technology of Education. It is the system of bringing Improvement in the total process of teaching-learning by analyzing its problems and identifying all available resources in an economic way for obtaining better results. Educational technology is more than technology in education (i.e, the use of technology in education). Educational technology is the sum of its parts. Instructional Technology, teaching technology, Behavior technology, programmed learning, micro teaching, system analysis, management of teaching-learning, teacher-pupil behavior etc are all parts of educational technology.